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People with type 2 diabetes, particularly those who are overweight, are less sensitive to the insulin they produce, and their beta-cells secrete insufficient quantities of insulin. Initially, treatment for type 2 diabetes aims at preserving or improving beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity.     
The first step in type 2 diabetes management is to eat a healthy diet and exercise. In overweight patients, weight reduction is vital. In the majority of people with type 2 diabetes, treatment with tablets is initiated if blood glucose cannot be regulated with diet and exercise. As type 2 diabetes progresses, tablets can become ineffective in maintaining the appropriate blood glucose levels. At this point, insulin may become a better choice to keep diabetes in control. Achieving acceptable blood glucose levels can prevent or postpone the complications.
The names of the different groups of tablets and their functions are listed below: - Sulphonylureas - stimulate insulin secretion
- Prandial glucose regulators - stimulate insulin secretion, when taken with meals
- Biguanides (metformin) - decrease glucose production by the liver and improve insulin sensitivity
- Insulin sensitisers - improve insulin sensitivity
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - slow down carbohydrate digestion in the intestines
Medical options for improving blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes include: 
In addition to regulating blood glucose, treatment of people with type 2 diabetes should address all other risk factors for complications, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and smoking. | 
